{"id":11852,"date":"2019-12-17T11:52:37","date_gmt":"2019-12-17T10:52:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cortonamia.com\/?p=11852"},"modified":"2026-03-12T18:53:05","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T17:53:05","slug":"aspects-of-economic-and-social-life-in-the-statute-of-the-commune-of-cortona-1325","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cortonamia.com\/en\/aspects-of-economic-and-social-life-in-the-statute-of-the-commune-of-cortona-1325\/","title":{"rendered":"Aspects of Economic and Social Life in the Statute of the Commune of Cortona (1325)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"et_pb_section_0 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section\"><div class=\"et_pb_row_0 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_0 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_0 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"outer_page_1\" class=\"outer_page only_ie6_border \">\n<div id=\"page1\" class=\"newpage\">\n<div class=\"text_layer\">\n<div class=\"ie_fix\">\n<div class=\"ff11\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"a\">Franc<span class=\"l6\">o Franceschi<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ff1\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"a\">University of Siena<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ff16\"><span class=\"a\"><span class=\"l6\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ff16\">\n<p><strong><span class=\"a\">\u00a0Abstract<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ff1\">\n<p><span class=\"a\">\u00a0An anc<span class=\"l7\">ient <span class=\"l6\">Etruscan settlement located in the V<span class=\"l\">aldichiana, along the border between <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"a\">\u00a0T<span class=\"l\">uscany and Umbria, Cortona has attracted renewed interest over the last two <\/span><\/span><span class=\"a\">decades among historians of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Falling into <\/span><span class=\"a\">this line of research is the publication of the communal statute from 1325, when <\/span><span class=\"a\">the government handed the reins of power to the seigneurial regime revolving <\/span><span class=\"a\">around Ranieri Casali. In the same year, Cortona became an episcopal seat and <\/span><span class=\"a\">thus also gained the status of a city proper. Through a careful analysis of this <\/span><span class=\"a\">extraordinarily rich source, the article outlines the salient aspects of the city\u2019s <\/span><span class=\"a\">economy and society, with a focus on its environmental resources and urban <\/span><span class=\"a\">activities, the distribution of wealth and its poor relief, the condition of women, <\/span><span class=\"a\">and the topography of social relations. The picture that emerges from this analysis <\/span><span class=\"a\">is that of a lively and dynamic city, arguably at the peak of its development, at <\/span><span class=\"a\">a time when many urban centres in Italy and across Europe were already experienc-<\/span><span class=\"a\">ing a downturn after the economic expansion of the Middle Ages.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ff16\"><strong><span class=\"a\">Keywords: <\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"ff1\"><span class=\"a\">Cortona, Casali city lordship, city statute, crafts, guilds, wealth distri-<\/span><span class=\"a\">bution, the condition of women, sociability<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ff1\"><span class=\"a\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ff1\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"a\">I<\/span><span class=\"a\">NTRODUCTION<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"ff1\"><span class=\"a\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ff1\">\n<p><span class=\"a\">In the landscape of late medieval Tuscan towns, Cortona, an ancient\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"a\">Etruscan city located in the south-eastern part of the region along <\/span><span class=\"a\">the border with Umbria, presented some rather peculiar features.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"a\">Indeed, at the peak of its demographic development, around 1300, <\/span><span class=\"a\">its population is likely to have exceeded 10,000 inhabitants: at the <\/span><span class=\"a\">time, this was comparable to Pistoia or Volterra, which in medieval <\/span><span class=\"a\"><span class=\"a\">Italy can be considered midsize cities. \u00a0<span>At least since the beginning\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"a\">of the thirteenth century Cortona was led by a communal govern-<\/span><span class=\"a\">ment, and over the course of the century it expanded its jurisdic-<\/span><span class=\"a\">tion across the surrounding territory, reaching a point where \u2013 in\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"a\">the Valdi <\/span><span class=\"a\"><span class=\"a\">chiana, which it overlooks \u2013\u00a0<\/span><\/span>it controlled an area of about 350 square kilometres. Protected by a sturdy walls circle, its material structure was manifold and complex, while its social strati \ufb01 cation was\u00a0<span class=\"a\">typically urban. It was home to numerous religious congregations, <\/span><span class=\"a\">prominent among which were mendicant orders, and in worship\u00a0<\/span>the townspeople identi \ufb01\u00a0<span class=\"a\">ed strongly with Saint Margaret (1247\u201397), <\/span><span class=\"a\">who was born in the village of Laviano, a stone\u2019s throw away from<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ff2\"><span class=\"a\">Lake Trasimeno, but still her name became inseparably associated\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"a\">with Cortona.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"a\">\u00a0These attributes of the urban condition, however<span class=\"l11\">, did not include <\/span><\/span><span class=\"a\">the one that most typically distinguished an Italian city, namely, the\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"a\">presence of a bishop. Although the claim has been made that an\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"a\">episcopal seat existed here in the <span class=\"w6\"><\/span>early Christian age,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"a\">4<\/span><span class=\"a\">\u00a0throughout most\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"a\">of the Middle Ages Cortona and its territory fell within the\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"a\">diocese of\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"a\">\u00a0Arezzo, and only <span class=\"w6\"><\/span>in 1325 did <span class=\"w6\"><\/span>Pope John XXII, over the <span class=\"w7\"><\/span>strong objec-<\/span><span class=\"a\">tions of Bishop Guido Tarlati of Arezzo, make Cortona an episcopal seat.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ff1\"><span class=\"a\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ff1\"><span class=\"a\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_1 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_1 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_module et_pb_button_module_wrapper et_pb_button_0_wrapper\"><a class=\"et_pb_button_0 et_pb_button et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\" href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/40713045\/Aspects_of_Economic_and_Social_Life_in_the_Statute_of_the_Commune_of_Cortona_1325_Acta_Poloniae_Historica_119_2019_pp._119-139\" target=\"_blank\">Read the full document<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":11515,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":5,"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11852","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-in-english"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - 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